Operating Systems and Utility Software

GCSE Computer Science · System Software

Operating system (OS)

System software that manages the computer. Key jobs:

Memory management – allocates RAM to programs.
Process / CPU management – schedules which task runs.
Peripheral / device management – uses drivers to control hardware.
File management – organises files and folders.
User interface – GUI or command line.
User management & security – accounts, passwords, access levels.

Utility software

Smaller tools that maintain the system:

Defragmentation – reorganises files on an HDD so they're contiguous → faster access.
Backup – copies data so it can be restored.
Compression – reduces file size.
Anti-malware / firewall – security.
Encryption tools.

Exam tip

The OS is the layer between the user/applications and the hardware. Be able to list and explain at least four OS management roles, not just name them.