How to Analyse Language Choices

Analysing language choices

Language analysis means explaining how a writer uses words to create meaning and effect — not just spotting techniques, but showing why they matter. It's central to GCSE English Language reading questions.

What to look for

• Word choices (diction): why this exact word? Consider its connotations (the feelings/ideas it suggests).
• Figurative language: similes, metaphors, personification.
• Imagery: words that appeal to the senses (sight, sound, touch…).
• Sound devices: alliteration, onomatopoeia, sibilance.
• Sentence forms: short punchy sentences vs long flowing ones.
• Tone: the writer's attitude (angry, calm, sarcastic).

Zooming in on single words

The best analysis often focuses on one powerful word. Ask:

• What does it literally mean?
• What does it connote (suggest)?
• Why might the writer have chosen it over a similar word?

Example: "The soldiers staggered home." Staggered (not "walked") connotes exhaustion and injury, suggesting the human cost of war.

The method: What / How / Why

1. What does the writer do? (name the technique/word)

2. How does it work? (quote and explain the method)

3. Why is it effective? (the effect on the reader)

Worked example

The writer describes the storm as a "raging beast". This metaphor compares the storm to a wild, uncontrollable animal, suggesting it is dangerous and alive. The word "raging" adds a sense of fury, making the reader feel the storm's threatening power. ✓

Common mistakes

• Feature-spotting — naming a technique without explaining its effect.
• Being vague ("it makes it interesting") instead of specific.
• Ignoring connotations of individual words.

Exam tips

• Always link a technique to its effect on the reader.
• Zoom in on a single powerful word and explore its connotations.
• Embed short quotations rather than copying whole lines.

Quick recap

• Analyse how and why language creates effect — go beyond naming techniques.
• Explore word choices and connotations, imagery, sound and sentence forms.
• Use What / How / Why and always connect the method to the reader's response.