Negatives and Interrogatives
Negatives and Interrogatives
Forming negative sentences and asking questions accurately is tested across all four exam papers.
Negatives
The basic negative structure: no goes directly before the verb.
- No como carne. — I don't eat meat.
- No me gusta el deporte. — I don't like sport.
Double Negative Expressions
In Spanish, you often use two negative words:
| Spanish | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| no ... nunca / jamás | never | No voy nunca al teatro. — I never go to the theatre. |
| no ... nada | nothing | No hago nada. — I do nothing. |
| no ... nadie | nobody | No conozco a nadie. — I don't know anyone. |
| no ... ningún/ninguno/ninguna | no / none / not any | No tengo ningún hermano. — I have no brothers. |
| no ... tampoco | neither / not either | No me gusta tampoco. — I don't like it either. |
| no ... ni ... ni | neither ... nor | No como ni carne ni pescado. — I eat neither meat nor fish. |
| no ... ya no | no longer | Ya no juego al fútbol. — I no longer play football. |
| todavía no | not yet | Todavía no he terminado. — I haven't finished yet. |
Alternative word order — the negative word can go before the verb, dropping no:
- Nunca voy al teatro. — I never go to the theatre.
- Nadie sabe la respuesta. — Nobody knows the answer.
- Nada es imposible. — Nothing is impossible.
Negatives with Infinitives
No goes before the conjugated verb, not the infinitive:
- No quiero salir. — I don't want to go out.
- No puedo dormir. — I can't sleep.
Question Forms
Three main ways to ask questions:
1. Intonation (raise voice at the end):
- ¿Tienes hermanos? — Do you have siblings?
2. Inversion (swap subject and verb):
- ¿Hablas tú español? — Do you speak Spanish?
3. Question words (most common in exams):
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| ¿Qué? | What? |
| ¿Quién / Quiénes? | Who? |
| ¿Dónde? | Where? |
| ¿Cuándo? | When? |
| ¿Cómo? | How? |
| ¿Por qué? | Why? |
| ¿Cuánto/a/os/as? | How much / many? |
| ¿Cuál / Cuáles? | Which? |
| ¿Adónde? | Where (to)? |
- ¿Dónde vives? — Where do you live?
- ¿Cuántos hermanos tienes? — How many siblings do you have?
- ¿Por qué estudias español? — Why do you study Spanish?
- ¿Cuál es tu asignatura favorita? — What is your favourite subject?
- ¿Adónde fuiste de vacaciones? — Where did you go on holiday?
Important Notes
- Spanish questions always have ¿ ... ? — the opening inverted question mark.
- Question words always have accents: qué, quién, dónde, cuándo, cómo, por qué, cuánto, cuál.
- ¿Por qué? (why?) is two words with an accent. Porque (because) is one word, no accent.
- ¿Cuánto? agrees: ¿cuánto dinero? ¿cuánta agua? ¿cuántos libros? ¿cuántas personas?
Exam Tips
- In speaking, using question words confidently in the conversation impresses examiners.
- In writing, include three or more different negatives across your response to show range.
- In listening, negatives can completely change meaning — listen carefully for no and nunca/nada/nadie.
- In role play, you must ask questions — practise the key question words until automatic.
- Ningún shortens before a masculine singular noun: ningún problema (no problem).